Disinformation and coronavirus: the origin of fake news in pandemic times

Abstract

Introduction: A hoax is a false news propagated with a specific purpose, whose origin is uncertain but usually relates to the compensation of someone's frustrated desire or a social group, the need to make public the confidentiality of interests that disrupt the established order, misunderstandings, or distorted interpretations. Fake news is based on rumors and spreads through informal means, creating bonds of complicity, and it is precisely in this trust where it finds its greatest exponent, as messages from our closest circle are not usually questioned. Methodology: The research focuses on identifying the origin of fake news using a quantitative methodology that explores the traits and formal aspects of hoaxes published in relation to COVID-19, aiming to identify useful aspects for the detection of fake news and providing empirical evidence referred to misinformation. Results: The results indicate that, as Thucydides announced in the 5th century BC, there are two main reasons motivating the origin of hoaxes: fear and interest, in their various facets, ideological, economic, and political. Conclusions: To combat misinformation, it is crucial to have adequate media literacy in society and official communication that is transparent and verified.